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The following Q&A's should answer the most common questions we get from those who are new to the radio control hobby. Don't hesitate to ask other CMAC members for their opinions.
There are five categories of Q&A's, you can click on a category name or question below, or scroll down to see all of the Q&A's.
Please note: The suggestions, comments, and prices provided here represent current information available from our club members, instructors, and local hobby shops. The suggestions, comments, and prices may not fit your personal situation and are subject to change. This information is provided only as a supplement to other available information. All decisions made are the sole responsibility of the individual concerned.
How fast does an R/C plane fly?
How long can an R/C plane fly?
What is an ARF, RTF, Servo, etc.?
What kind of radio should I buy?
What's a frequency (or channel)?
What are exponential curves (Expo)?
What kind of plane should I buy?
What kind of engine should I buy?
What kinds of accessories are required?
Is there an instruction program?
Are there any simulators that can help me learn to fly?
What are the typical learning steps?
How much does it cost to get started?
How much does it cost to join the club?
Where can I purchase the models and supplies?
GENERAL
Many people have the wrong idea of just what is radio controlled (R/C) flight. There is an idea among the general public that R/C airplanes are big men's toys. There is nothing further from the truth. The military has been flying R/C controlled aircraft since WW II. Some were target aircraft for gunnery practice. Some were used to fly through the cloud created by the atomic blast. More recently there are projects involving remotely piloted fighter aircraft.
R/C planes are precision built flying machines flown by skilled pilots. They use state of the art digital electronics to receive and decode radio signals into control movements that fly a remotely piloted aircraft through the air. The fact that they are smaller than a full scale aircraft does not make them any less a real aircraft. R/C pilots must operate their aircraft with a degree of professionalism because these aircraft can be dangerous if they are misused or operated by irresponsible people. They are far from being toys.
Do not attempt to fly without an experienced pilot at your side. Flying is not as easy as it looks. A model aircraft can be dangerous if it gets out of control.
The secret of being a good pilot is to understand aerodynamics, have good depth perception, good eye-hand coordination, and be able to concentrate and focus total attention on your airplane and what it is doing. If you are constructing a model, it must be built according to the plans and attention must be given to building a straight model and near perfect wing. Craftsmanship is of most importance and is rewarded by excellent flying characteristics.
A good pilot is not necessarily one who can do a lot of snap rolls. These are one of the easier maneuvers that can be accomplished. A good pilot is one who demonstrates the ability to fly a consistently smooth and deliberate flight path. Landings, take-offs and aerobatic maneuvers are smooth and deliberate. The pilot can land from any direction on the field. A good pilot does not panic when the engine quits and dives for the field. Just use good judgment and you will have your plane for a long time.
This one of the most asked questions by onlookers at our field. Most R/C radio systems will allow control of the plane over one mile away, but flying at that distance is impractical. We generally fly up to approximately 500 feet away and very seldom fly more than 1000 feet away. Beyond those distances, it becomes difficult to see the plane, recognize the orientation of the plane, and the risk of losing it becomes greater.
Model aircraft can fly between 10 MPH and 100+ MPH depending upon the type of plane and how it is powered. The typical planes at our field are more likely to be flying in the 30-70 MPH range.
About 10-20 minutes depending upon the battery capacity if electric, or the fuel capacity if glow. It may also depend upon how fast it is being flown, which affects fuel or battery consumption. Electric plane batteries may take about an hour to recharge, so most electric flyers have more than one battery.
We can fly any day, weather permitting. We start at 10:00 am and quit at dusk. You will usually find several people flying on any nice day. We even fly in the snow. You will find more fliers at the field during one of our events. You can check our online event calendar for the current event schedule.
AMA Academy of Model Aeronautics
CMAC Corsair Model Aircraft Club
LHS Local Hobby Shop
Tx Radio transmitter
Rx Radio receiver
Servo An electro-mechanical device which moves the control surfaces and the throttle of the aircraft according to commands from the receiver.
ARF Almost Ready To Fly. This type of kit usually includes all parts of the aircraft, pre-covered. Typical build time of an ARF is 8-20 hours. An engine/motor, radio Tx and Rx, and servos are usually not included.
RTF Ready To Fly. This type of kit usually includes all parts of the aircraft, pre-covered as well as the engine/motor, servos and radio. Everything needed to fly should be in the box. All you have to do is some minimum assembly, charge the battery or fuel the engine, and you're ready to go. Depending upon the kit, the electronic components may or may not be re-usable on your next plane. The included radio may not have all of the features of a radio you can buy seperately.
PNP Plug 'N Play. This type of kit is usually an electric model and is similar to a RTF, but usually does not include the Tx, Rx, power battery, or charger.
RADIO
Your choice of a radio is important. You will probably require at least a 4 channel radio. However, a six channel computer radio should satisfy your needs for several years and airplanes.
Some planes are sold as RTF (Ready-to-fly). These planes come with their own radio and electronics. Typically, the radios that are provided with RTF's do not have all of the functionality of more expensive radios. While these radio may work fine with your first plane, you may want more functions in your next plane.
A good middle of the road radio will cost between $160 and $300. Some are sold as Transmitter & Receiver only, while others include servos. JR & Spectrum and Futaba & Fasst radios are the most common radios in this price range. Futaba radios are the CMAC club training preference, but other clubs prefer JR radios. Both brands are good.
There are many types of radio signal transmission available: FM, PCM, 2.4 GHz. A FM computer 6 channel radio will cost about $170.00, the digital PCM will cost more and the 2.4GHz computer 6 channel will cost about $260.00. These Radios should come with Transmitter, receiver, 4 servos, batteries, power switch and charger. The TX and Rx brand and type must match each other.
Futaba, Fasst, JR, Spektrum, and Hitec are manufacturers known for reliable radios. The Spektrum & Fasst radio systems use a new technolgy that virtually eliminates the possiblity of radio interference. If you are considering buying a used radio, you should know and trust the person you are buying it from.
The radio system consists of the following components: A transmitter with 2 control sticks. The right hand stick operates the ailerons and elevator. This is the normal set-up due to the fact that most of the control of the aircraft is done using these 2 controls. The left hand stick normally operates the throttle and rudder. The rudder is the least used control surface on the airplane until you progress to aerobatic flying. The throttle is ratcheted and remains in its last position, whereas the other 3 stick movements are spring loaded and return to the neutral position when released. There are trim tabs located around each stick to adjust the neutral location of the control surfaces. These tabs are used to compensate for changes in weight, balance and throttle settings to maintain level flight.
The receiver is located in the fuselage of the aircraft. The electronically controlled servos are plugged into it as well as a power source. The servos have electric motors that are controlled by microchips that get data from the receiver. This data is converted into degrees of rotation of the servo wheel which in turn is connected to a control surface. The airplane is controlled in flight by the movement of the servos.
The frequency (or channel) is the specific radio wavelength your controller uses to talk to the receiver in your plane. Your controller frequency must match that of your receiver. So if your radio is on Channel 50, your receiver must be on channel 50. Unless you are using one of the newer technology 2.4 Ghz radios, it is important that two radios or two planes using the same frequency are not turned on at the same time or they will cause interference with one another and usually end with devastating results (this is called being "shot-down"). This is why it is important to use the frequency board at the field and to identify the other people at the field using your same frequency. Only one of you can fly at a time, so pay attention!
Dual rates are controlled by a switch on your radio. One setting can be set to make your control surfaces (elevator, ailerons and rudder) move a little bit where the other switch setting can be made to make them move a lot. This is helpful for setting up a "Mild" setup (for take-offs and landings) and "Wild" setup (for when you've got some altitude and want to do some tricks). Dual rates are a nice feature to have even when using exponential curves since the plane can be less reactive when it comes time to land. Many radios have the option of having one switch set to control the dual rates of elevator and another for aileron or they can all be controlled by a single switch.
Expo curves allow the plane to be toned down without physically limiting the movememnt of the servo. A computerized radio will allow you to make the curves as "big" as you want. When the stick is moved 50% of it's total travel (let's say 50% back on the elevator stick), and the radio has been programmed with a 50% expo curve, the plane's elevators will only move 25% of their total travel. This has the effect of dampening the inputs on the sticks. If you move the stick 100% back, the control surfaces will still move 100% of their programmed travel, but it's the area in between 0% and 100% that is effected. This means, that even if the sticks get moved lots, the action of the plane is less. Many are set in the 40% to 60% range. If it's turned up too high then it will be difficult to get the plane to react when the sticks are moved. If it's too low, then the plane will be extremely touchy.
Most low end radios do not have this feature. They will be flying at 0% expo and will have a completely linear movement of the control surfaces with the movement of the sticks. 50% on the stick = 50% movement on the control surface.
AIRCRAFT
A new pilot should always buy a plane that is designated as a primary trainer. It should be low cost, easy to build, easy to repair and have replacement parts available. Trainers usually have a high mounted, flat bottomed wing with a 4 channel control system. Basic control will consist of throttle, rudder and elevator, with ailerons as the 4th channel. To avoid being unhappy with the abilities of your trainer as your skills improve and since turning can be learned just as easily using ailerons, most pilots choose 4 channel operation. The current thinking on plane size is that it is actually easier to learn to fly a larger plane. Most trainers today have a wingspan of around 60-70 inches and are powered by a 40 size engine (0.40 to 0.49 cubic inch displacement). A number of 60 size trainers are now coming on the market.
In addition to the traditional kit where the modeler assembles the plane from a pile of wood and pre-cut parts, several new kits that are called ARF's (almost Ready to Fly) and RTF's (Ready-To-Fly) are available. Most ARF's are approximately 90% pre-built and completely covered. The cost for the kit itself is usually higher for an ARF, but after purchasing covering and necessary hardware for the traditional kit, costs are comparable. ARF's are great way to get started if your hobby time is limited but the feeling you get when a kit that you built from a pile of wood takes flight for the first time should be experienced! The RTF's usually include the radio equipment needed to fly.
See our chart below, under Costs for our latest recommendations and popular aircraft found at our field. We have identified models and accessories that we feel are good choices for a first plane.
There are many things to consider when buying an engine. Most plane kits specify a range of engine sizes for use. Since our field is mostly grass, you will need more power for take-off. Purchasing the largest engine specified is recommended. After take-off, the throttle can always be pulled back to slow the plane down. Since an engine on your trainer is going to take a fair amount of abuse as you learn to fly, it makes sense to purchase a reliable brand. Many engines have ball bearing supported crankshafts at a somewhat higher cost. Bearings will generally give an engine additional power for the same size. A final consideration is 2- stroke versus 4-stroke. Four stroke engines are considerably more expensive, but are much quieter. A 4 stroke engine will also produce less power than the same size in a 2 stroke. Consult with a member experienced with 4 stroke engines before purchasing one.
See our chart below, under Costs for our latest recommendations and popular aircraft found at our field. We have identified models and accessories that we feel are good choices for a first plane.
When starting your engine, you will need a glow plug starter. We recommend purchasing one that has a rechargeable battery built in. This eliminates the need for a separate battery with wires leading to the starter. There is always the potential of catching the wire in the propeller. The essential accessories are listed in our Costs charts below. Other accessories can include items such as building materials, hinges, control rods, wheels, screws, nuts, bolts, knives, covering material, etc.
See our chart below, under Costs for our latest recommendations and popular aircraft found at our field. We have identified models and accessories that we feel are good choices for a first plane.
LEARNING
From the first Tuesday in May, until the last Tuesday in September, every Tuesday at 5:00 p.m. is reserved for new pilots. Weather permitting, training instructors and new pilots only should be flying. If the training marshal gives the O.K. to fly while new pilots are on the ground, others may fly.
A trainer cable allows your radio to be connected to another compatible radio. The instructor uses your radio while you hold the slave (trainer box). There is a toggle switch on the top of the radio that is used by the instructor to give and take control of the aircraft instantly. This feature is used extensively by our training instructors.
Outside of this scheduled program, there are also CMAC Club experienced pilots who are willing to help new members get started. Don't hesitate to ask for help, but please respect the wishes of those who don't wish to assist new pilots.
Do not attempt to fly without an experienced pilot at your side. Flying is not as easy as it looks. A model aircraft can become dangerous if it gets out of control. When you crash, and all pilots have experienced this, try not to become discouraged. Most unplanned encounters with the ground are not usually as bad as they appear and your modeling skills will be improved as you put the pieces back together.
We recommend RealFlight from Greatplanes. It comes with a remote that connects to your PC and is about as close as you can come to the real thing. The current cost of the G4 RealFlight simulator is $166.
The steps outlined below are designed to lead you through stages to make you a competent pilot. This flying will be done with your plane several "oops" (mistakes) in elevation.
- Your airplane will be inspected by your instructor.
- The instructor will test fly your plane and trim the controls so that it flies straight and level.
- Trainers are designed to be stable flying models. You don't need to muscle the sticks to keep the plane flying. You will only need to put very little stick movement to change directions or maintain a flight path.
- Straight and level flying, getting used to the controls.
- Gentle left and right snaking partial turns while making a pass down the flight line.
- Turns while maintaining altitude.
- Figure eights. Scribing the same pattern while maintaining altitude.
- Landings.
- Your final step will be to solo fly.
Your CMAC Club instructor will be at your side without the trainer cord attached and will not give you any instructions. When you are capable of six takeoffs and landings without problem, your CMAC Corsair Model Aircraft Club instructor will offer congratulations and you will be on your own. Welcome to R/C and CMAC.
COSTS
The average start-up cost may vary widely, depending upon what equipment you may already have and your desires. The tables below provide examples of some options. Since the completeness of the hardware package in each kit varies, compare the total cost of kit and hardware when evaluating costs.
| Hobby Shop | ||||||||
| Glow Fuel | Electric | |||||||
| Option | GF1 | GF2 | GF3 | EL1 | ||||
| Aircraft | SIG Kadet LT 40 ARF $130 |
World Models Sky Raider Mach I ARF $80 |
Hobbico SuperStar Select MkII RTF $260 |
Parkzone T-28 Trojan RTF $220 |
||||
| Wingspan | 70 in. | 65.5 in. | 60 in. | 44 in. | ||||
| Trainer suitability scale 1 to 10 |
10 | 9 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| Radio | Futaba 72Mhz T6EXAP 6 channel Incl. 4 servos, Rx, Batteries, charger $160 |
incl. | incl. - reported glitch problem no longer exists. Spektrum DX6i costing $165 is not required |
|||||
| Servos $12 ea. |
need 4 incl. with above radio |
incl. | incl. | |||||
| Wire rod to repl. plastic $1.10 ea. |
need 2 48 in. 2-56 $2.20 |
n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
| Engine | O.S. AX .46 $110 |
incl. | n/a | |||||
| Glowstarter | Kwik-Klip III $25 |
n/a | ||||||
| Prop | 11 x 6 $2.29 |
incl. | incl. | |||||
| Elec. Starter | Hobbico TorqMaster 90 HCAP3200 $29 |
n/a | ||||||
| Elec. Starter Battery |
Hobbico 12v Battery Pack HCAP0901 $26 |
n/a | ||||||
| Elec. Starter Battery Charger |
Hobbico 12v Charger HCAP0210 $10 |
n/a | ||||||
| Fuel | Wildcat 15% nitro all synthetic(18%) 2 & 4 cycle $13.29 gal. |
n/a | ||||||
| Fuel Pump | Slimline M4 $38 |
n/a | ||||||
| Electric Motor |
n/a | n/a | n/a | incl. | ||||
| Electric Power Battery |
n/a | n/a | n/a | incl., but... we recom. at least a second battery $30 |
||||
| Power Battery Charger |
n/a | n/a | n/a | incl. | ||||
| TOTAL | $546 | $494 | $401 | $250 | ||||
| Flying Fees | ||||||||
| Glow Fuel | Electric | |||||||
| Option | GF1 | GF2 | GF3 | EL1 | ||||
| AMA Membership | $58/Yr. (over age 65 gets $10 deduction) | |||||||
| CMAC Dues | $35/Yr. | |||||||
| CMAC 1st yr. | $10 initiation fee | |||||||
| TOTAL | $103 | $103 | $103 | $103 | ||||
| Miscellaneous | ||||||||
| Glow Fuel | Electric | |||||||
| Option | GF1 | GF2 | GF3 | EL1 | ||||
| Spray Cleaner | $3 | n/a | ||||||
| Paper Towels | $1 | n/a | ||||||
| Sealing Iron with sock |
$22 | n/a | ||||||
| Prop Wrench | $5 | |||||||
| Tools to attach wing |
$1 | |||||||
| CA Glue | superthin 1 oz., 1-3 sec. $4 |
Gap filling foam safe 0.5 oz., 10-25 sec. $5.50 |
||||||
| CA Glue Applicator Tips |
6 per pkg. $1 |
|||||||
| Epoxy Glue | 30 min. $6 |
n/a | ||||||
| TOTAL | $43 | $43 | $43 | $13 | ||||
| Summary of Total Costs | ||||||||
| Glow Fuel | Electric | |||||||
| Option | GF1 | GF2 | GF3 | EL1 | ||||
| Hobby Shop | $546 | $494 | $401 | $250 | ||||
| Flying Fees | $103 | $103 | $103 | $103 | ||||
| Miscellaneous | $43 | $43 | $43 | $13 | ||||
| GRAND TOTAL |
$692 | $640 | $547 | $366 | ||||
The current CMAC Club dues are noted at the bottom of the Joining web page. Also, a membership in AMA (Academy of Model Aeronautics) is mandatory to fly at the CMAC field. AMA membership information is also found at the bottom of the Joining web page.
The two main suppliers are local hobby shops (LHS) and mail order
dealers. There are several hobby shops in the area that stock R/C kits and
accessories. It pays to shop around since prices and service can vary widely between
shops. A mail order dealer may sometimes have a lower cost
but no service is included and no one is available to answer your phone calls when you
reach a sticking point during construction. The local hobby shops that support our club are:
Aero Tech Hobbies
902 N. Main Street
North Canton, OH 44720
330-499-1300
E & S Trains & Hobbies
980 Kenmore Blvd.
Akron, Ohio 44314
330-745-0785
At least one local shop has prices as low as the mail order dealers. Ask fellow members for their recommendation. Another source that may be less costly, is used equipment being offered for sale by CMAC members. The Buy / Sell page on our website, or our WINDSOCK newsletter, may have ads. Frequently you will find posted ads at the Flying field.